财政部、国家计委关于中德财政合作项下银行信贷规划管理问题的通知
财政部、国家计委
财政部、国家计委关于中德财政合作项下银行信贷规划管理问题的通知
2001年12月30日 财金〔2001〕273号
各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅(局)、计委，新疆生产建设兵团财务局、计委，中国进出口银行，中国农业银行，交通银行，中信实业银行，中国民生银行，华夏银行，深圳发展银行，招商银行：
自1987年起，中德财政合作项下陆续安排了7期银行信贷规划(以下简称“中间信贷”)，作为德国政府贷款的一种实施形式，专门用于资助非国有中小企业生产性项目，每个项目贷款金额不超过1000万德国马克。每期中间信贷由1家银行单独或2家银行联合以低于市场利率的贷款条件办理项目的转贷。
结合中间信贷的特点，本着优化管理和提高效率的原则，现就今后中间信贷的有关问题通知如下：
一、财政部结合中德财政合作计划与国家计委共同商定每期中间信贷的规模，确定各承担中间信贷转贷工作的银行(以下简称“承办银行”)的信贷额度，并列入国家利用外国政府贷款计划。
二、每期中间信贷均由财政部与德国复兴信贷银行签订贷款协议，内容包括该期中间信贷的规模、贷款条件、转贷银行、转贷条件和使用要求等。
三、中间信贷项下的项目采取备案制。各承办银行可根据本行发放贷款的规定，选择已经各地方计划部门批准的项目进行独立评估，自行确定贷款项目。项目确定后，各承办银行直接将有关项目报国家计委和财政部备案，同时抄送项目所在地省(自治区、直辖市、计划单列市)计划和财政部门。如国家计委和财政部在20个工作日内未提出反对意见，则视为认可，并由国家计委将其列入利用外国政府贷款备选项目计划，财政部和承办银行依此开展对外工作。
中间信贷项下的项目均享受国家有关利用外国政府贷款方面的优惠政策。
四、各承办银行依照财政部与德国复兴信贷银行签署的贷款协议办理转贷。在本通知下发之前承办银行已与中国进出口银行签订转贷协议的，仍按照转贷协议向项目单位办理再转贷手续；未与中国进出口银行签订转贷协议的，可由财政部委托直接向项目单位办理转贷手续。
五、承办银行可根据财政部与德国复兴信贷银行签署的贷款协议确定项目的转贷条件。贷款期限和利率原则上应优于同期市场条件。
六、由承办银行上报备案并已列入中间信贷的项目不划分转贷类别，各承办银行对本行转贷的中间信贷项下的贷款承担还款责任。财政部在与德国复兴信贷银行签署贷款协议前，与承办银行签订法律协议确定有关各方的权利和义务。如承办银行出现对外拖欠或其他违约行为，财政部有权依照国家有关法律法规进行相应的处罚。各承办银行与项目单位签订转贷或再转贷协议后应报送财政部，并抄送国家计委和项目所在地省(自治区、直辖市、计划单列市)财政厅(局)。
七、中间信贷项目所在地省(自治区、直辖市、计划单列市)财政厅(局)如果为项目提供还款担保，应自行承担相关还款或担保责任，财政部对承办银行备案的中间信贷项目的欠款不采取财政扣款方式解决。
八、各承办银行应严格遵照我国有关法律法规和政策开展中间信贷的转贷和管理工作。
九、本通知发文之日起施行。
中华人民共和国律师暂行条例(附英文)
全国人民代表大会常务委员会
中华人民共和国律师暂行条例(附英文)
全国人大常委会
（一九八0年八月二十六日第五届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十五次会议通议）
目 录
第一章 律师的任务和权利
第二章 律师资格
第三章 律师的工作机构
第四章 附则
第一章 律师的任务和权利
第一条 律师是国家的法律工作者，其任务是对国家机关、企业事业单位、社会团体、人民公社和公民提供法律帮助，以维护法律的正确实施，维护国家、集体的利益和公民的合法权益。
第二条 律师的主要业务如下：
（一）接受国家机关、企业事业单位、社会团体、人民公社的聘请，担任法律顾问。
（二）接受民事案件当事人的委托，担任代理人参加诉讼。
（三）接受刑事案件被告人的委托或者人民法院的指定，担任辩护人；接受自诉案件自诉人、公诉案件被害人及其近亲属的委托，担任代理人，参加诉讼。
（四）接受非诉讼事件当事人的委托，提供法律帮助，或者担任代理人，参加调解、仲裁活动。
（五）解答关于法律的询问，代写诉讼文书和其它有关法律事务的文书。
律师应当通过全部业务活动，宣传社会主义法制。
第三条 律师进行业务活动，必须以事实为根据，以法律为准绳，忠实于社会主义事业和人民的利益。
律师依法执行职务，受国家法律保护，任何单位、个人不得干涉。
第四条 律师担任法律顾问的责任，是为聘请单位就业务上的法律问题提供意见，草拟、审查法律事务文书，代理参加诉讼、调解或者仲裁活动，维护聘请单位的合法权益。
第五条 律师担任诉讼和非诉讼事件代理人的责任，是在所受委托的权限内，维护委托人的合法权益。
律师在代理权限内的诉讼行为和法律行为，与委托人自己的诉讼行为和法律行为有同等效力。
第六条 律师担任刑事辩护人的责任，是根据事实和法律，维护被告人的合法权益。
律师认为被告人没有如实陈述案情，有权拒绝担任辩护人。
第七条 律师参加诉讼活动，有权依照有关规定，查阅本案材料，向有关单位、个人调查。律师担任刑事辩护人时，可以同在押的被告人会见和通信。
律师进行前款所列活动，有关单位、个人有责任给予支持。
律师对于在业务活动中接触的国家机密和个人阴私，有保守秘密的责任。
第二章 律师资格
第八条 热爱中华人民共和国，拥护社会主义制度，有选举权和被选举权的下列公民，经考核合格，可以取得律师资格，担任律师：
（一）在高等院校法律专业毕业，并且做过两年以上司法工作、法律教学工作或者法学研究工作的；
（二）受过法律专业训练，并且担任过人民法院审判、人民检察院检察员的；
（三）受过高等教育，做过三年以上经济、科技等工作，熟悉本专业以及与本专业有关的法律、法令，并且经过法律专业训练，适合从事律师工作的；
（四）其他具有本条第（一）项或第（二）项所列人员的法律业务水平，并具有高等学校文化水平，适合从事律师工作的。
第九条 取得律师资格，须经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）考核批准，发给律师证书，并报中华人民共和国司法部备案。司法部发现审批不当的，应当通知司法厅（局）重新审查。
第十条 取得律师资格的人员不能脱离本职的，可以担任兼职律师。兼职律师所在单位应当给予支持。
人民法院、人民检察院、人民公安机关的现职人员不得兼做律师工作。
第十一条 高等院校法律专业毕业生或者经过法律专业训练的人员，经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）考核批准，可以担任实习律师。
实习律师的实习期为两年。实习期满，依照本条例第九条规定的程序，授予律师资格；考核不合格的，可以延长其实习期。
第十二条 律师严重不称职的，得经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）决定，报司法部批准，取消其律师资格。
第三章 律师的工作机构
第十三条 律师执行职务的工作机构是法律顾问处。
法律顾问处是事业单位。受国家司法行政机关的组织领导和业务监督。
第十四条 法律顾问处按县、市、市辖区设立。必要时，经司法部批准，可以设立专业性的法律顾问处。
法律顾问处之间没有隶属关系。
第十五条 法律顾问处的主要任务，是领导律师开展业务工作，组织律师学习政治和法律业务知识，总结、交流律师的工作经验。
第十六条 法律顾问处设主任一人，根据需要，可以设副主任。主任、副主任均由本处律师选举产生，报经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）批准，任期为三年，连选得连任。
法律顾问处主任、副主任领导法律顾问处的工作，并且必须执行律师职务。
第十七条 律师承办业务，由法律顾问处统一接受委托，并且统一收费。
法律顾问处给律师分配任务，应当根据实际条件尽量满足委托人的指名要求。
第十八条 法律顾问处可以指派律师到外地进行业务活动，当地法律顾问处应当给予帮助。
第十九条 为维护律师的合法权益，交流工作经验，促进律师工作的开展，增进国内外法律工作者的联系，建立律师协会。
律师协会是社会团体。组织章程由律师协会制订。
第四章 附 则
第二十条 律师职称标准、律师奖惩规定和律师收费办法，由司法部另行制订。
第二十一条 本条例自一九八二年一月一日起施行。
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON LAWYERS
(Adopted at the 15th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Fifth National People's Congress and promulgated by Order No. 5 of the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on August 26, 1980,
and effective as of January 1, 1982)
Contents
Chapter I The Task and Rights of Lawyers
Chapter II The Qualifications of Lawyers
Chapter III Business Organizations of Lawyers
Chapter IV Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I The Task and Rights of Lawyers
Article 1
Lawyers are state legal workers whose task is to give legal assistance to
state organs, enterprises and institutions, public organizations, people's
communes and citizens in order to ensure the correct implementation of the
law and protect the interests of the state and collectives as well as the
lawful rights and interests of citizens.
Article 2
The principal duties of lawyers shall be:
(1) to accept the mandate of state organs, enterprises and institutions,
public organizations and people's communes to serve as their legal
advisers;
(2) to accept the mandate of a party to a civil action to serve as his
representative in litigation;
(3) to accept the mandate of a defendant or the assignment of a people's
court to serve as his defender in a criminal case; to accept the mandate
of a private prosecutor or of the victim and his near relatives in a
public prosecution to serve as their representative in litigation;
(4) to accept the mandate of a party in a nonlitigious matter to give
legal assistance or serve as its representative in mediation or
arbitration;
(5) to give consultative advice on legal questions and draft documents in
connection with litigation or other legal matters.
Lawyers shall publicize the socialist legal system through all their
professional activities.
Article 3
In performing their duties, lawyers shall serve the cause of socialism and
the interests of the people, act on the basis of facts and take the law as
the criterion. In the performance of their functions according to law,
lawyers shall be protected by the law of the state, subject to no
interference by any organization or individual.
Article 4
When being retained by an organization as its legal adviser, a lawyer
shall have the responsibility to give advice on legal questions arising
from the client organization, draft and examine legal documents for it,
represent it in litigation, mediation or arbitration, and safeguard its
lawful rights and interests.
Article 5
When acting as representatives in litigation and nonlitigious matters,
lawyers shall have the responsibility to safeguard the lawful rights and
interests of the client within the scope of the mandate.
Within the scope of the mandate, the lawyer's procedural and legal acts
shall have the same effect as those of the client.
Article 6
When acting as defenders in criminal cases, lawyers shall have the
responsibility to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the
defendants on the basis of facts and the law. A lawyer may refuse to act
as the defender of a defendant if he believes that the defendant has not
truthfully stated the facts of the case to him.
Article 7
In legal proceedings, lawyers shall have the right, to consult the
materials of the case and may make enquiries from organizations and
persons concerned in accordance with relevant regulations. When acting as
defenders in criminal cases, lawyers may meet and correspond with the
defendants held in custody.
The organizations and persons concerned shall have the duty to render
assistance to the lawyers engaged in the activities mentioned in the
preceding paragraph. Lawyers shall have the responsibility to keep
confidential state secrets and matters of personal privacy which they come
into contact with in their work.
Chapter II The Qualifications of Lawyers
Article 8
The undermentioned citizens who cherish the People's Republic of China,
support the socialist system and have the right to vote and stand for
election shall be eligible as lawyers after passing an examination:
(1) those who have graduated from law faculties of universities or
colleges and have been engaged for two or more years in judicial work,
legal instruction or jurisprudential studies;
(2) those who have had professional legal training and have worked as
judges in people's court or as procurators in people's procuratorates;
(3) those who have received college education, have completed three or
more years of economic, scientific and technological work, are proficient
in their professions and the relevant laws and decrees thereof, and have
gone through professional legal training and who are fit for the work of a
lawyer; and
(4) those who have attained the same level of knowledge of practical legal
work as is required of persons prescribed in Items (1) and (2) above and
the same level of learning as is given by college education and who are
fit for the work of a lawyer.
Article 9
To be eligible as a lawyer, a person must be examined and approved by the
judicial department (bureau) of a province, autonomous region, or
municipality directly under the Central Government and issued a lawyer's
certificate, and a report shall be made to the Ministry of Justice of the
People's Republic of China for the record. Upon discovery of an improper
examination and approval, the Ministry of Justice shall instruct the
relevant judicial department (bureau) to conduct a reexamination.
Article 10
Those who are eligible as lawyers but are unable to leave their present
positions to practise law may act as part-time lawyers. The current
organizations in which they are working shall support such arrangements.
Personnel presently attached to the people's courts, people's
procuratorates and people's public security organs may not act as part-
time lawyers.
Article 11
Those who have graduated from law faculties of universities or colleges or
have gone through professional legal training may act as apprentice
lawyers after examination and approval by the judicial departments
(bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly
under the Central Government.
The training period for apprentice lawyers shall be two years. Upon
completion of the training period, apprentice lawyers shall be given
lawyers credentials in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Article
9 of these Regulations; the training period may be extended if an
apprentice lawyer fails to pass the examination.
Article 12
Lawyers who are incompetent shall be disqualified as lawyers by decision
of the judicial departments (bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions, or
municipalities directly under the Central Government and with the approval
of the Ministry of Justice.
Chapter III Business Organizations of Lawyers
Article 13
Legal advisory offices shall be the business organizations from which
lawyers perform their duties.
Legal advisory offices shall be public institutions under the
organizational leadership and professional supervision of the judicial
administrative organs of the state.
Article 14
Legal advisory offices shall be established in counties, cities and
municipal districts. When necessary, specialized legal advisory offices
may be established with the approval of the Ministry of Justice.
Legal advisory offices shall not be subordinate to one another.
Article 15
The principal functions of a legal advisory office shall be to direct
lawyers in the development of their professional work, to organize their
political studies and professional studies in law and to sum up and
exchange their work experience.
Article 16
A legal advisory office shall have one director and may have deputy
directors where necessary. The director and deputy directors shall be
elected by the lawyers in that office, subject to approval by the judicial
department (bureau) of a province, autonomous region, or municipality
directly under the Central Government. They shall be elected for a term of
three years and may be re-elected to successive terms in office. The
director and deputy director(s) of a legal advisory office shall direct
the work of the office and at the same time perform their duties as
lawyers.
Article 17
The mandates for lawyers to handle cases shall be accepted and service
fees collected exclusively by the legal advisory office.
In the distribution of cases to lawyers, the legal advisory office shall,
as best as possible and according to actual conditions, assign lawyers as
requested by clients.
Article 18
A legal advisory office may appoint lawyers to carry out professional
activities in other localities, and the legal advisory office there shall
provide them with assistance.
Article 19
A lawyers association shall be established to protect the lawful rights
and interests of lawyers, to exchange work experience, to further the
progress of lawyers work and to promote contacts between legal workers
both at home and abroad.
The lawyers association is a social organization. It shall formulate its
own articles of association.
Chapter IV Supplementary Provisions
Article 20
The standards for the title of lawyer, the regulations on awards and
penalties for lawyers and the measures for the collection of service fees
shall be stipulated separately by the Ministry of Justice.
Article 21
These Regulations shall go into effect on January 1, 1982.
1980年8月26日